Chronic flavanol-rich cocoa powder supplementation reduces body fat mass in endurance athletes by modifying the follistatin/myostatin ratio and leptin levels

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Proteomic landscape of liver tissue in old male mice that are long-term treated with polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme

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Ptaquiloside from bracken (Pteridium spp.) promotes oral carcinogenesis initiated by HPV16 in transgenic mice

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Integrated anti-hyperlipidemic bioactivity of whole Citrus grandis [L.] osbeck fruits—multi-action mechanism evidenced using animal and cell models

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Protocatechuic acid and quercetin glucosides in onions attenuate changes induced by high fat diet in rats

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Colonization and immunoregulation of Lactobacillus plantarum BF_15, a novel probiotic strain from the feces of breast-fed infants

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DHA substitution overcomes high-fat diet-induced disturbance in the circadian rhythm of lipid metabolism

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Quantifying dietary vitamin K and its link to cardiovascular health: a narrative review

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Inducing secondary structural interplays between scallop muscle proteins and soy proteins to form soluble composites

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Oleacein inhibits STAT3, activates the apoptotic machinery, and exerts anti-metastatic effects in the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells

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The prophylactic effects of different Lactobacilli on collagen-induced arthritis in rats

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Low-dose ethanol intake prevents high-fat diet-induced adverse cardiovascular events in mice

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Purification, characterization and molecular cloning of a dicaffeoylquinic acid-hydrolyzing esterase from human-derived Lactobacillus fermentum LF-12

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Ethanolamides of essential α-linolenic and linoleic fatty acids suppress short-term food intake in rats

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Preparation of theasinensin A and theasinensin B and exploration of their inhibitory mechanism on α-glucosidase

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Girinimbine from curry leaves promotes gastro protection against ethanol induced peptic ulcers and improves healing via regulation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms

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Tilapia head glycolipids reduce inflammation by regulating the gut microbiota in dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis mice

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Untargeted metabolomics revealed therapeutic mechanisms of icariin on low bone mineral density in older caged laying hens

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Seaweed Porphyra yezoensis polysaccharides with different molecular weights inhibit hydroxyapatite damage and osteoblast differentiation of A7R5 cells

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Capsaicin—the major bioactive ingredient of chili peppers: bio-efficacy and delivery systems

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Vinegar extract ameliorates alcohol-induced liver damage associated with the modulation of gut microbiota in mice

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Bilberry anthocyanin extracts enhance anti-PD-L1 efficiency by modulating gut microbiota

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Fucoxanthin alleviates palmitate-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells through improving lipid metabolism and attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction

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Supplementation of nano-bubble curcumin extract improves gut microbiota composition and exercise performance in mice

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Formation and disappearance of aldehydes during simulated gastrointestinal digestion of fried clams

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Mathematica Nutrition RSS Feed

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Mathematica Health RSS Feed

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National Cancer Institute

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Tumor Markers

A fact sheet that defines tumor markers and describes how they can be used to aid diagnosis and treatment.

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Targeted Cancer Therapies

A fact sheet that describes targeted cancer therapies, which are drugs that interfere with specific molecules involved in cancer cell growth and survival.

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Genetic Testing for Inherited Cancer Susceptibility Syndromes

A fact sheet about genetic testing for inherited cancer risk, including who should consider testing, how to understand test results, and who has access to a person’s test results. Also contains information about at-home, or direct-to-consumer, genetic tests.

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Hormone Therapy for Prostate Cancer

A fact sheet that describes hormone therapy and its role in treating prostate cancer. Includes information about the different types of hormone therapy, how they are used, and possible side effects.

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HPV and Pap Testing

A fact sheet that describes cervical cancer screening, which includes the Pap test and HPV testing. The fact sheet includes information about cervical cancer screening guidelines.

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Cell Phones and Cancer Risk

A fact sheet that outlines the available evidence regarding use of cellular/mobile telephones and cancer risk.

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Electromagnetic Fields and Cancer

A fact sheet about research on electric and magnetic fields and studies examining their potential connection with cancer.

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Secondhand Smoke and Cancer

A fact sheet that summarizes the studies on the health effects of exposure to environmental (secondhand) tobacco smoke.

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Primary Bone Cancer

A fact sheet about the diagnosis and treatment of cancers that develop in the bones.

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Alcohol and Cancer Risk

A fact sheet that summarizes the evidence linking alcohol consumption to the risk of various cancers. Includes information about factors that affect the risk of alcohol-associated cancers, such as a person’s genes and tobacco use.

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JAMA: 2013-03-20, Vol. 309, No. 11, Author in the Room™ Audio Interview

Interview with Phillip M. Boiselle, MD, author of Computed Tomography Screening for Lung Cancer. Summary Points:

• CT screening reduced lung cancer-specific mortality by 20% in a large randomized trial of a high-risk population.
• CT is associated with a high false-positive rate, with associated risks and costs associated with follow-up CT and the potential for more invasive diagnostic procedures.
• Physicians should consider discussing CT screening with their high-risk patients who meet criteria in published guidelines.

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JAMA: 2013-02-20, Vol. 309, No. 7, Author in the Room™ Audio Interview

Interview with Daniel J. Buysse, MD, author of Insomnia. Summary Points:

• Insomnia is a frequent comorbid condition that increases costs and worsens outcomes.
• Insomnia is a chronic condition for which there are effective and widely available acute treatments (medications) and effective but hard-to-find long-term treatments (behavioral).
• Need to consider other health professionals such as nurses, physician assistants, and behavioral health managers (smoking, obesity, diet, exercise, sleep/insomnia).

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JAMA: 2012-11-28, Vol. 308, No. 20, Author in the Room™ Audio Interview

Interview with Robert H. Shmerling, MD, author of Management of Gout: A 57-Year-Old Man With a History of Podagra, Hyperuricemia, and Mild Renal Insufficiency. Summary Points:

• Risk factor modification: alcohol intake, excess weight, diet, medications (although overall impact on gout uncertain).
• Acute gout can be treated with NSAIDs, colchicine, corticosteroids, or a combination of these.
• Urate-lowering treatment to prevent attacks and tophi is appropriate for certain patients with gout. (In my opinion, allopurinol is the best initial choice to suppress uric acid.)
• Urate-lowering treatment should suppress uric acid to 6.0 mg/dL or less; allopurinol should start no higher than 100 mg/d but titrate up based on uric acid levels; it is common to require more than 300 mg/d.
• Concomitant prophylaxis (eg, low-dose colchicine, 0.6 mg/d) is appropriate for 6-9 months or longer.

Take home message:
We now have new therapies and guidelines for the treatment of gout. Appropriate use of therapeutics for gout—both new and old—will provide optimal outcomes for the increasing number of patients with this common disease.

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JAMA: 2012-11-21, Vol. 308, No. 19, Author in the Room™ Audio Interview

Interview with Laura N. Gitlin, PhD, author of Nonpharmacologic Management of Behavioral Symptoms in Dementia. Summary Points:

• Attending to behavioral symptoms is part of comprehensive dementia care and requires ongoing long-term management.
• Use 6 steps to systematically prevent, assess, manage, eliminate or reduce behavioral symptoms.
• Use combination of nonpharmacologic approaches.
• Keep trying—nonpharmacologic approaches are relatively adverse free.
• Create a health professional team to offset time needed for provision of nonpharmacologic approaches.

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JAMA: 2012-10-17, Vol. 308, No. 15, Author in the Room™ Audio Interview

Interview with Nancy A. Rigotti, MD, author of Strategies to Help a Smoker Who Is Struggling to Quit. Summary Points:

• Treat tobacco use like the chronic disease that it is. Don't give up if your first few efforts do not succeed.
• Medications and brief counseling are each effective, but combining the two is most effective.
• Link your smokers to free national resources like the tobacco quit lines (1-800-QUIT-NOW). New noncombustible tobacco products are coming.

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JAMA: 2012-10-03, Vol. 308, No. 13, Author in the Room™ Audio Interview

Interview with Robert W. Haley, MD, author of Controlling Urban Epidemics of West Nile Virus Infection. Summary Points:

• Epidemics of West Nile neuroinvasive disease have become a serious medical and public health challenge that will be with us for the foreseeable future.
• Ultra low-volume aerial spraying of urban areas, guided by surveillance of mosquito trap positivity and human cases, is necessary and cost-effective to prevent chronic neurologic disability and death.
• Complete, accurate, and timely diagnosis of West Nile viral disease in an epidemic is vitally important to spare patients needless prolonged antimicrobial therapy and build support for public health control measures.

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JAMA: 2012-08-22, Vol. 308, No. 8, Author in the Room™ Audio Interview

Interview with Philip Greenland, MD, author of Comparison of Novel Risk Markers for Improvement in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Intermediate-Risk Individuals. Summary Points:

• In comparison with other competing biomarkers and risk factors, coronary artery calcium (CAC) is currently the most potent risk marker of subclinical coronary heart disease (CHD).
• CAC was shown in several observational studies to improve the prediction of risk beyond traditional risk factors.
• In this JAMA paper, CAC outperformed various competing risk assessment markers among asymptomatic people at intermediate risk for CHD. Whether CAC should be used in routine clinical practice, however, is still a matter of personal opinion or further research.

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Antiretroviral Treatment of Adult HIV Infection 2012 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel

Interview with Melanie A. Thompson, MD, and Paul A. Volberding, MD, authors of Antiretroviral Treatment of Adult HIV Infection 2012 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel. Summary Points:

• Antiretroviral treatment is recommended and should be offered to all persons with HIV, regardless of CD4 cell count.
• Particular attention should be paid to the design of an antiretroviral regimen for persons with concurrent conditions, such as viral hepatitis, opportunistic infections, and other medical diseases, because of the potential for drug interactions.
• Monitoring of entry into and retention in HIV care, adherence to antiretroviral therapy, and quality of care indicators are recommended and should be used to increase care engagement and quality.

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JAMA: 2012-06-13, Vol. 307, No. 22, Author in the Room™ Audio Interview

Interview with Peter B. Bach, MD, MAPP, author of Benefits and Harms of CT Screening for Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review; and George T. O’Connor, MD, MS, author of Lung Cancer Screening, Radiation, Risks, Benefits, and Uncertainty. Summary Points:

• Three randomized trials examined computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer’s effect on lung cancer mortality—one showed a benefit, the other 2 did not but were smaller studies.
• CT screening does not appear to reduce mortality from causes other than lung cancer.
• There are still a lot of uncertainties regarding the risks and how to mitigate them.

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JAMA: 2012-05-02, Vol. 307, No. 17, Author in the Room™ Audio Interview

Interview with Mary A. Whooley, MD, author of Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression in Adults With Comorbid Medical Conditions: A 52-Year-Old Man With Depression. Summary Points:

• Depression screening has no benefit unless it is combined with team-based management
• Self-management strategies (behavioral activation and exercise) improve depression
• "TEAMcare" can improve both depression and chronic medical conditions

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JAMA: 2012-03-21, Vol. 307, No. 11, Author in the Room™ Audio Interview

Interview with James T. Pacala, MD, MS, author of Hearing Deficits in the Older Patient: "I Didn't Notice Anything". Summary Points: 1. Age-related hearing loss is extremely common and underrecognized by most health care providers. 2. There are many effective methods of detection of hearing loss that are easy and efficient. 3. Although the main stay of treatment is amplification, there remain many challenges to effective hearing aid use.

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JAMA: 2012-02-01, Vol. 307, No. 5, Author in the Room™ Audio Interview

Interview with David S. Ludwig, MD, PhD, author of Weight Loss Strategies for Adolescents: A 14-Year-Old Struggling to Lose Weight. Summary Points: 1. Childhood obesity arises from a complex interplay of biology, behavior, and the environment.  Consequently, successful treatment requires targeting multiple determinants of body weight. 2. Family-based treatment offers the most immediate and effective approach for childhood obesity, with benefits for all family members. 3. Ultimately, the solution to the obesity epidemic will require a comprehensive public health strategy to make the social environment healthier for children and adults.

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